However, with sufficient warning, civil defense measuresД¬an be implemented in time to protect civil populations against chemical or biologicalДЄttack. Missile attack are still less than completely effective, as proved in the Allied experienceДuring the Gulf War. Consequently, if the target footprint axis is not roughlyДЄligned with the flight azimuth, only a small portion of the target is effectivelyДЄ ballistic missile has a relatively short flight time, and defenses against a ballistic The high speed of the ballistic missile makes it difficult to deviate too farДЇrom this azimuth, even when submunitions or other dispensed bomblets are ejectedДЇrom the missile during reentry. experience has shown that often less than 5 percent of a chemical orД«iological agent remains potent after flight and release from a ballistic missile withoutДЄ ballistic missile also closely follows a pre-established azimuth from launch point Upon reentry, or during release, may degrade the quality of the chemical or biologicalДЄgent. That it is difficult to distribute the agent in a diffuse cloud or with sufficient precision toД®nsure a release under the shear layer of the atmosphere.

Of a chemical or biological attack because, generally, the reentry speed is so high A pure ballistic trajectory limits the effectiveness Has burned its fuel, unless a warhead maneuvers independently of the missile or someДЇorm of terminal guidance is provided. Each of these considerations is important when planningД«allistic missiles have a prescribed course that cannot be altered after the missile The Missile Technology Control Regime initially focused on missiles with ranges greater than 300 kilometers, the range of the Soviet SCUD missile.Дelivery systems vary in their flight profile, speed of delivery, mission flexibility,ДЄutonomy, and detectability. The 1987 Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles required elimination of all Soviet and American longer-range intermediate nuclear force (LRINF) missiles with ranges between 1,000 and 5,500 kilometers, as well as shorter-range intermediate nuclear force (SRINF) missiles with ranges between 500 and 1,000 kilometers. Operational-Tactical 50 to 300 kilometers Operational-Strategic 500 to 1000 kilometers The Soviet and Russian military developed a system of five range classes. Short-Range Ballistic missile SRBM up to 1000 kilometers Medium-Range Ballistic Missile MRBM 1000 to 3000 kilometers Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile IRBM 3000 to 5500 kilometers Intercontinental Ballistic Missile ICBM over 5500 kilometers The United States divides missiles into four range classes.

Various schemes are used by different countries to categorize the ranges of ballistic missiles. Ballistic missiles are categorized according to their range, the maximum distance measured along the surface of the earth's ellipsoid from the point of launch of a ballistic missile to the point of impact of the last element of its payload. A ballistic missile (BM) is a a missile that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight path, regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle.

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